The sound coming out of the Jamaican capital over the past decades has had a profound influence on the gestation of electronic music. Many of the techniques common in current productions have been pioneered in Kingston's legendary studios. Pioneers like King Tubby or Lee 'Scratch' Perry championed the art of using the studio as an instrument, manipulating recordings in a way that the original material was barely recognizable - an art-form furthermore known as 'Dub'. Producers like On-U Sound founder Adrian Sherwood started experimenting with crossing over European electronic Music with dub elements during the 80s and helped to make the more experimental side of Jamaican music known to a wider public. A few years later, Berlin's Basic Channel crew applied dub techniques to the increasingly popular sound of techno, almost single-handedly making dud-elements an integral part of contemporary electronic music.